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1.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 29(3): 147-154, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117304

ABSTRACT

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare entity associated with high morbidity and mortality. It includes a broad spectrum of clinical patterns, from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis. Among the common associated drugs are antimicrobial like anti-TBC, antineoplastic, CNS agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Establishing causality between DILI and a certain drug is a challenge. Some scoring systems have been evaluated, considering RUCAM score as the gold standard. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of a high-grade glioma treated with surgery and chemotherapy with lomustine, procarbazine and vincristine. She evolved with altered liver tests, predominantly cholestatic pattern, but asymptomatic. Etiologic study negative and abdominal imaging were normal. The liver biopsy was compatible with 40% ductopenia, without inflammatory elements. We consider DILI associated with the use of lomustine, with RUCAM score suggesting. After discontinuing chemotherapy and using ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of cholestasis there was an improvement in liver tests. There is limited evidence in the literature regarding hepatotoxicity associated with lomustine, mainly in experimental animal models. Cases of cholestatic hepatotoxicity have been described with the use of other similar nitrosureas. In relation to procarbazine and vincristine, DILI is reported mainly reversible and predominantly with hepatocellular pattern, not consistent with our case. We find it interesting to communicate with review of the literature about it.


El daño hepático inducido por drogas (DILI) es una entidad poco frecuente, con alta morbimortalidad asociada. Incluye un amplio espectro de patrones clínicos, desde hepatitis aguda a cirrosis. Dentro de los fármacos frecuentemente asociados se encuentran antibióticos como anti-TBC, agentes antineoplásicos, de acción en el SNC y anti-inflamatorios no esteroidales. Establecer una causalidad entre DILI y una determinada droga constituye un desafío. Para ello, se han evaluado diversos sistemas de puntuación, considerándose gold estándar el RUCAM score. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 35 años de edad con antecedentes de glioma de alto grado operado y en quimioterapia con lomustina, procarbazina y vincristina. En su evolución presenta alteración de pruebas hepáticas de predominio colestásico de manera asintomática, con estudio etiológico causal negativo e imagenológico normal. La biopsia hepática fue compatible con ductopenia de 40% sin elementos inflamatorios. Se plantea DILI asociado al uso de lomustina con un score de RUCAM sugerente, decidiéndose interrumpir sus ciclos de quimioterapia e inicia tratamiento con ácido ursodesoxicólico, presentando mejoría progresiva de pruebas hepáticas. Existe evidencia limitada en la literatura en relación a hepatotoxicidad asociada a este fármaco, principalmente en modelos experimentales, y con el uso de otras nitrosureas similares se han descrito casos de hepatotoxicidad de predominio colestásico. En relación con procarbazina y vincristina existen reportes de DILI principalmente reversible y con patrón de predominio hepatocelular, lo que no es concordante con nuestro caso, por lo cual nos parece de interés comunicarlo con revisión de la literatura al respecto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cholestasis/chemically induced , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Lomustine/adverse effects , Cholestasis/diagnosis , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis
2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 23(3): 129-133, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762517

ABSTRACT

Nitrofurantoin, commonly used for prolonged periods, can produce different patterns of liver damage. Patients: 12 women, mean age 55 years (range 17-72), with recurrent urinary infections, treated with nitrofurantoin for long periods of time (2 months to 15 years), who presented with secondary liver disease. Results: 7 had acute hepatitis (3 fulminant), 3 chronic hepatitis, and 2 cirrhosis. All acute cases had consistent liver biopsies, and 2 were treated with steroids and azathioprine for 2 and 7 months, with liver tests normalization. Two fulminant cases were transplanted (submassive hepatic necrosis on explanted livers) and 1 was successfully treated with steroids and mycofenolate. The 3 cases of chronic hepatitis also had confirmatory biopsies and 1 received steroids and azathioprine, with full recovery. The other 2 responded to the drug withdrawal and the 2 cirrhotic patients had only symptomatic treatment. All patients were negative for hepatitis virus, 7 (58 percent had positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies and 4 (33 percent) had elevated IgG levels. Conclusions: Nitrofurantoin may cause severe acute liver disease, even requiring liver transplantation. Nitrofurantoin can also cause chronic liver disease, have markers of autoimmunity and respond to immunosuppressive therapy. These data confirmed that nitrofurantoin can induce liver diseases, probably due to immunological mechanisms.


La nitrofurantoína, comúnmente utilizada por períodos prolongados, puede producir daño hepático, con diferentes formas de presentación y evolución. Pacientes: 12 mujeres, edad promedio 55 años (rango 17 a 72), con infecciones urinarias recurrentes, usuarias de nitrofurantoína por períodos prolongados (2 meses a 15 años), que presentaron daño hepático asociado a la droga. Resultados: 7 casos de hepatitis aguda (3 fulminantes), 3 casos de hepatitis crónica y 2 casos de cirrosis. Todos los casos de hepatitis agudas tenían biopsia hepática compatible y 2 fueron tratadas con corticoides y azatioprina por 2 y 7 meses, con normalización de los exámenes. De las 3 pacientes con hepatitis fulminante, 2 fueron trasplantadas (necrosis submasiva en el hígado explantado) y 1 fue tratada con corticoides y micofenolato, con buena respuesta. Los 3 casos de hepatitis crónica tenían confirmación histológica y 1 se trató con corticoides y azatioprina, con excelente evolución. Las otras pacientes respondieron favorablemente sólo a la suspensión del fármaco. Los 2 casos con cirrosis han recibido tratamiento sintomático. Todas las pacientes fueron negativas para los virus hepatitis, 7/12 (58 por ciento) tenían anticuerpos antinucleares y/o antimúsculo liso positivos y 4/12 (33 por ciento) IgG elevada. Conclusión: La nitrofurantoína puede provocar una severa enfermedad hepática aguda, requiriendo incluso trasplante hepático. Además, puede producir hepatitis crónica y cirrosis, tener marcadores de autoinmunidad y buena respuesta a la terapia inmunosupresora habitual. Lo anterior confirma su capacidad de inducir un daño hepático, probablemente por mecanismos inmunológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Nitrofurantoin/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Liver Failure, Acute/chemically induced , Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control , Time Factors
3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 21(2): 282-283, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-570025

ABSTRACT

En pacientes para trasplante hepático (TH), son prioritarias las medidas de estudio y prevención de infecciones principalmente bacterianas, no existiendo evidencia que apoye la descontaminación intestinal selectiva, la que incluso puede contribuir a la selección de bacterias resistentes. Se requiere mayores estudios aleatorizados que respalden intervenciones preventivas con este fin, en especial el uso de pre y probióticos que pudieran tener un rol beneficioso en estos pacientes.


In patients undergoing liver transplantation strict measures of study and prevention of bacterial infectionsare required. There is no evidence supporting supports selective intestinal decontamination, which can evencontribute to the selection of resistant bacteria. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to support the use of prebiotics and probiotics that could benefi t these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Liver Transplantation/methods , Intestines/microbiology , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(4): 469-474, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-428547

ABSTRACT

Background: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic disease, which can progress to hepatic failure. Aim: To study the clinical presentation, pathological features, treatment and outcome of a group of patients with PBC. Material and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 115 patients (110 females, age range 30-76 years) with PBC. Clinical presentation, pathological stage, treatment, outcome and eventual use of liver transplantation, were recorded. Result: Seventy eight percent of patients were symptomatic at presentation (itching in 69% and malaise in 62%). Antimitochondrial antibodies were positive in 56%. No clinical or laboratory differences were observed between symptomatic patients or those with positive antimitochondrial antibodies and the rest of the study group. Sjögren syndrome was present in 38%, hypothyroidism in 13%, scleroderma in 7% and rheumatoid arthritis in 5%. Initially, 61% had fibrosis and/or cirrhosis, and ursodeoxycholic acid was indicated in 94% of the patients. Fifteen patients underwent liver transplantation due to upper digestive bleeding or itching. Survival has been 67% at 36 months after transplantation. In one transplanted liver, PBC recurred. Conclusions: An early diagnosis and treatment of a progressive disease such as PBC will reduce the incidence of complications and the use of costly treatments.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis , Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Hypothyroidism/complications , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/therapy , Liver Transplantation , Liver/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Sjogren's Syndrome/complications , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(1): 59-65, ene.-mar. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430769

ABSTRACT

La isquemia mesentérica es una insuficiencia circulatoria inadecuada para los requerimientos de la pared intestinal. Su presentación suele ser de extrema gravedad con historia de dolor abdominal crónico y/o infarto intestinal, con alta mortalidad y diagnóstico tardío. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión con los avances en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta condición, de acuerdo al compromiso vascular y los territorios afectados, con énfasis en su reconocimiento precoz y tratamiento agresivo, principalmente quirúrgico en los casos proximales al colon y médico en este último.


Subject(s)
Humans , Colon/blood supply , Intestines/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology , Mesentery/blood supply , Angioplasty , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Ischemia/diagnosis , Ischemia/therapy , Venous Thrombosis
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(7): 776-780, jul. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429136

ABSTRACT

Background:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disorder characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary tract, evolving to cirrhosis. It is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim: To communicate the clinical characteristics of patient with PSC seen in two reference centers. Patients and methods: Review of medical records of patients with PSC confirmed by liver biopsies. The clinical picture, laboratory abnormalities, imaging studies and treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty three patients (aged 16 to 73 years, 64% female) were identified. They corresponded to 1.7% of liver biopsies done between 1991-2003. Clinical presentation was a cholestatic picture in 40%, right upper abdominal pain in 36%, a dysenteric syndrome in 9% and varied symptoms in 15%. Laboratory tests showed cholestasis in 94% and positive anti ANCA, SMA, ANA and AMA antibodies in 28, 18, 15 and 9% of cases, respectively. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiography were diagnostic in 43 and 58% of patients, respectively. There was an association with ulcerative colitis in 12% of cases. Liver biopsies showed grade I PSC in 76% and grade II-III in 6% of patients. It also showed a concomitant chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in 12 and 6% of cases, respectively. Treatment consisted on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 45%, UDCA plus 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives in 12% and UDCA plus immunosuppresors in 12% of patients. Two patients had to be transplanted. Conclusions: PSC is an uncommon cause of chronic liver disease. It is suspected in cholestatic patients and confirmed with a liver biopsy. It can be associated with other autoimmune hepatic and extrahepatic diseases.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/pathology , Biopsy , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/therapy , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/pathology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(5): 601-607, mayo 2004. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384419

ABSTRACT

The most successful therapy for acute liver failure is liver transplantation. However, due to the low number of donors, organ support therapies need to be used as a bridge to liver transplantation. Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is a dialysis treatment that uses a recirculating dialysate containing albumin. This allows the removal of both hydrosoluble and albumin-related substances. This system improves hepatic encephalopathy, renal dysfunction and some clinical parameters in acute liver failure, but there is no clear decrease in mortality. We report three women aged 23, 21 and 61 years, that were subjected to liver transplantation, in whom this therapy was successfully used.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Liver, Artificial , Liver Transplantation , Liver Failure, Acute , Hepatic Insufficiency/therapy
10.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 15(3): 180-185, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-398845

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los tumores primarios de intestino delgado (TID) son de baja frecuencia y su diagnóstico habitualmente es tardío, debido a su relativa inaccesibilidad a métodos diagnósticos. Objetivo: Precisar las formas de presentación, métodos diagnósticose histología de estos tumores en nuestro centro. Métodos: Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor intestinal desde enero de 1990 a diciembre del año 2000, consignándose los datos requeridos en los casos en que estaban claramente expuestos. Resultados: Se encontraron 30 casos con TID, siendo 16 mujeres (53,3 por ciento) y la edad media de 62 años (32 a 91 años). La biopsia intestinal fue compatiblecon tumor maligno en 26 de ellos (87 por ciento ) y en 4 con lesión benigna. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor en 20 casos (67 por ciento), astenia, anorexia y baja de peso en 18 pacientes (60 por ciento), obstrucción intestinal en 14 (47 por ciento), hemorragia en 9 (30 por ciento) y diarrea crónica en 5 (17 por ciento). Los exámenes diagnósticos fueron la endoscopia alta incluyendoenteroscopía (40 por ciento), TAC abdóminopélvico (17 por ciento), cirugía en 13 por ciento y en menor grado otros exámenes. La ubicación de las lesiones en orden de frecuencia fue duodenal (17/30), ileal (10/30) y yeyunal (3/30). El diagnóstico histológico fue adenocarcinomaen 12 casos (46 por ciento de tumores malignos), carcinoide en 7 (27 por ciento), linfoma en 2 (8 por ciento), sarcoma en 2 y hubo tres tumores primarios de estómago, páncreas y colon sigmoides diseminados a intestino delgado. Las 4 lesiones benignas consistieron en un adenoma velloso duodenal, un hamartoma yeyunal, y dos lesiones inflamatorias inespecíficas. Conclusión: Los TID más frecuentes en nuestro trabajo son el adenocarcinoma y el carcinoide. Se requiere un alto índice de sospecha en caso de dolor abdominal de causa no aclarada, baja de peso, obstrucción intestinal, anemia y masa palpable abdominal, siendo la endoscopia un eficiente método diagnóstico de estas lesiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Intestinal Neoplasms , Intestine, Small/pathology , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
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